{"id":13051,"date":"2025-06-26T16:56:13","date_gmt":"2025-06-26T16:56:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/?p=13051"},"modified":"2025-06-26T16:57:59","modified_gmt":"2025-06-26T16:57:59","slug":"khilafah-umar-dan-kalender-hijriah-jejak-kepemimpinan-visioner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/26\/khilafah-umar-dan-kalender-hijriah-jejak-kepemimpinan-visioner\/","title":{"rendered":"Khilafah Umar dan Kalender Hijriah: Jejak Kepemimpinan Visioner"},"content":{"rendered":"

ppmindonesia.com<\/b>. Jakarta – <\/b>Tak banyak yang menyadari bahwa sistem penanggalan yang kini dikenal sebagai kalender Hijriah\u2014<\/a>digunakan umat Islam di seluruh dunia hingga hari ini\u2014berakar dari satu keputusan besar yang lahir dari kepemimpinan Khalifah Umar bin Khattab.<\/p>\n

Di baliknya, tersimpan jejak kecerdasan kolektif dan visi masa depan seorang pemimpin yang bukan hanya mengelola umat, tetapi membentuk fondasi peradaban.<\/p>\n

Kalender Hijriah bukan produk instan, melainkan buah dari kepekaan administratif dan kecakapan politik Khalifah Umar.<\/p>\n

Ia menangkap kebutuhan zaman, menginisiasi musyawarah, dan menetapkan satu tonggak sejarah Islam yang hingga kini masih digunakan lintas benua dan generasi. Inilah kisah bagaimana kalender Hijriah menjadi saksi kepemimpinan visioner dalam sejarah Islam.<\/p>\n

Kebutuhan Sistemik dan Solusi Khalifah<\/b><\/p>\n

Awal mula kebutuhan akan sistem penanggalan Islam muncul dari keluhan Gubernur Basrah, Abu Musa Al-Asy\u2019ari, yang menerima surat-surat dari pusat pemerintahan tanpa dilengkapi tanggal yang jelas.<\/p>\n

\u201cTanpa tahun, kami bingung menentukan waktu pengarsipan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan,\u201d tulisnya dalam surat kepada Khalifah Umar bin Khattab.<\/p>\n

Khalifah Umar tidak menanggapinya sebagai keluhan administratif belaka. Ia melihat ini sebagai persoalan strategis yang harus dituntaskan demi tertibnya pemerintahan Islam yang sedang tumbuh pesat.<\/p>\n

Maka, Umar mengundang para sahabat utama seperti Ali bin Abi Thalib, Utsman bin Affan, Zubair bin Awwam, Abdurrahman bin Auf, dan lainnya untuk bermusyawarah.<\/p>\n

Beberapa sahabat mengusulkan agar penanggalan dimulai dari hari kelahiran Nabi atau peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj. Namun, Ali bin Abi Thalib mengusulkan hijrahnya Nabi Muhammad \ufdfa dari Makkah ke Madinah sebagai titik awal kalender Islam. Usulan ini kemudian disepakati bulat. Maka ditetapkanlah 1 Muharram sebagai awal tahun pertama Hijriah.<\/p>\n

Kalender Hijriah: Bukan Sekadar Sistem, tapi Identitas<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cPenetapan kalender Hijriah adalah bentuk kesadaran administratif sekaligus peradaban. Ia menjadi penanda bahwa umat Islam tidak lagi menggantungkan sistemnya pada peradaban lain,\u201d jelas Dr. Adian Husaini, Ketua Program Doktor Pendidikan Islam di Universitas Ibn Khaldun, Bogor.<\/p>\n

Menurut Adian, kalender ini membedakan Islam secara budaya dan historis dari sistem Romawi atau Persia yang masih digunakan saat itu.<\/p>\n

Lebih dari itu, penggunaan peristiwa hijrah sebagai awal tahun mencerminkan orientasi nilai yang lebih dalam: Islam menjadikan perjuangan sebagai tonggak waktu, bukan kelahiran atau kemenangan militer.<\/p>\n

Kalender ini pun tak hanya memperlihatkan ketelitian peradaban Islam, tetapi juga makna spiritualnya. Seperti diungkapkan oleh KH. Ali Mustafa Yaqub (alm.), mantan Imam Besar Masjid Istiqlal,<\/p>\n

\u201cHijrah adalah perpindahan dari keterbatasan menuju kebebasan. Maka setiap waktu yang mengalir dalam kalender Hijriah adalah ajakan untuk terus bergerak dan bertumbuh.\u201d<\/p>\n

Umar bin Khattab: Kepemimpinan yang Merespon Zaman<\/b><\/p>\n

Khalifah Umar bukan hanya seorang pemimpin militer atau penakluk wilayah. Ia dikenal sebagai administrator ulung yang menata sistem pemerintahan dengan struktur yang kuat dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan zaman.<\/p>\n

Dalam masa pemerintahannya, ia membentuk departemen keuangan (diwan), membangun sistem pos, mendirikan pengadilan, menetapkan gaji tentara dan pegawai, serta membentuk lembaga syura untuk pengambilan keputusan. Kalender Hijriah adalah bagian dari reformasi besar-besaran dalam tata kelola negara yang ia bangun.<\/p>\n

\u201cUmar bin Khattab adalah pionir tata kelola publik dalam dunia Islam,\u201d ujar Prof. Dr. Taufik Abdullah, sejarawan dari LIPI. \u201cIa bukan hanya berpikir untuk mengurus masalah hari ini, tapi juga memastikan bahwa generasi setelahnya memiliki sistem yang mapan. Penanggalan Hijriah adalah jejak konkret dari visi itu.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dampak Peradaban yang Terus Hidup<\/b><\/p>\n

Hari ini, kalender Hijriah bukan hanya digunakan untuk keperluan ibadah seperti penentuan Ramadan, Haji, dan Idul Adha. Ia telah menjadi simbol identitas umat Islam global.<\/p>\n

Dengan sistem qamariyah, umat Islam diajak untuk lebih terhubung dengan alam\u2014mengamati hilal, menyatu dengan semesta\u2014berbeda dengan sistem syamsiah (matahari) ala kalender Masehi.<\/p>\n

\u201cKalender Hijriah membentuk kesadaran kosmologis Islam yang unik: bahwa waktu adalah makhluk Allah yang memiliki keberkahan, dan tidak boleh disia-siakan,\u201d ungkap Dr. Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi, cendekiawan Muslim dan Wakil Rektor Universitas Darussalam Gontor.<\/p>\n

Penggunaan kalender ini juga menjadi wujud independensi simbolik umat Islam. Ia adalah bentuk pembebasan umat dari ketergantungan sistem luar, dan peneguhan posisi Islam sebagai peradaban yang mandiri.<\/p>\n

Jejak yang Terus Mengalir<\/b><\/p>\n

Kepemimpinan Umar bin Khattab telah melampaui zamannya. Dengan menetapkan kalender Hijriah, Umar tidak hanya memberi solusi administratif, tapi juga meletakkan dasar filosofis dan spiritual bagi perjalanan umat.<\/p>\n

Tahun demi tahun dalam kalender Hijriah bukan sekadar angka, melainkan bagian dari sejarah panjang perjuangan, peradaban, dan keimanan.<\/p>\n

Maka ketika kita menatap 1 Muharram, kita bukan hanya mengingat tanggal baru, tetapi mewarisi visi besar dari seorang pemimpin yang menjadikan waktu sebagai ladang amal dan kebajikan.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u06e4\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u2026\u06dd\u0667\u0668<\/p>\n

> \u201cSesungguhnya bilangan bulan di sisi Allah adalah dua belas bulan\u2026\u201d (QS. At-Taubah: 78)- (emha)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ppmindonesia.com. 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