{"id":13478,"date":"2025-07-16T14:00:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T14:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/?p=13478"},"modified":"2025-07-16T14:02:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T14:02:09","slug":"fiqih-budaya-dan-akal-sehat-mengapa-kita-tak-perlu-fanatik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/16\/fiqih-budaya-dan-akal-sehat-mengapa-kita-tak-perlu-fanatik\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiqih, Budaya, dan Akal Sehat: Mengapa Kita Tak Perlu Fanatik"},"content":{"rendered":"

ppmindonesia.com.Jakarta<\/strong> – Beragama, bagi banyak orang, sering dipersempit menjadi sekadar soal hukum-hukum fikih: ini halal, itu haram; ini sunnah, itu bid\u2019ah; ini sah, itu batal. <\/span><\/p>\n

Padahal, sebagaimana ditegaskan para ulama, fikih itu lahir dari ijtihad manusia \u2014 hasil olah akal untuk membaca teks wahyu dalam konteks zaman dan budaya.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Karena itu, klaim kebenaran mutlak pada satu pendapat fikih, apalagi disertai dengan fanatisme buta, lebih sering melahirkan pertengkaran daripada ketenangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dalam Al-Qur\u2019an, Allah memerintahkan kita untuk berpegang teguh pada tali-Nya dan melarang perpecahan:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627\u06d6\u2026 <\/span>\u06dd\u0661\u0660\u0663<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDan berpeganglah kamu semua kepada tali (agama) Allah, dan janganlah kamu bercerai-berai\u2026\u201d (QS. Ali Imran: 103)<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Namun dalam praktiknya, perbedaan bacaan basmalah, kunut, cara sedekap, hingga soal mazhab, sering menjadi bahan pertengkaran. Di satu daerah, imam yang tidak membaca basmalah saat shalat Subuh bahkan bisa dipecat. Padahal kedua pendapat punya dasar yang sama-sama kuat dalam fikih.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mustofa Bisri (Gus Mus) pernah mengingatkan:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKita ini sering memaksakan fikih sebagai kebenaran mutlak, padahal itu hanya hasil tafsir manusia. Kalau Anda beribadah lalu merasa paling benar dan merendahkan orang lain, maka ibadah Anda itu hanya tinggal gerakan kosong.\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Fiqih memang penting, sebagai panduan beramal. Tetapi ia lahir dari hasil akal dan budaya yang berkembang, sehingga tidak bisa dibakukan sebagai satu-satunya kebenaran untuk semua tempat dan zaman.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Imam Syafi\u2019i sendiri, ketika pindah dari Irak ke Mesir, mengubah banyak fatwanya karena melihat budaya masyarakat Mesir berbeda. Beliau berkata dengan rendah hati: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cPendapatku benar, tetapi mungkin salah. Pendapat orang lain salah, tetapi mungkin benar.\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sayangnya, di masyarakat kita, seringkali fikih diperlakukan seolah-olah wahyu itu sendiri. Orang mengutip kitab-kitab lama untuk menjustifikasi praktik yang sudah tak relevan: misalnya, perempuan yang sakit tidak berhak dinafkahi, atau pernikahan anak kecil yang dianggap sah. Ini menunjukkan bagaimana budaya yang sudah berubah belum selalu diikuti dengan pembaruan pemikiran.<\/span><\/p>\n

Padahal Islam sendiri mengajarkan prinsip kemaslahatan dan keadilan. Dalam kaidah usul fikih dikatakan: \u201cDi mana ada maslahat, di situ ada syariat.\u201d Artinya, hukum Islam justru hadir untuk membawa kebaikan dan menolak kemudaratan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Begitu juga soal perbankan, rokok, atau teknologi digital \u2014 semua itu dulu tidak ada pada zaman Nabi. Lalu apakah semua yang baru pasti salah? Ulama besar seperti Muhammad Abduh mengingatkan bahwa Islam datang bukan untuk mematikan akal sehat manusia, melainkan untuk menyinari jalannya.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fanatisme terhadap satu mazhab, satu organisasi, atau satu pandangan, biasanya justru membuat kita lupa pada substansi agama: yaitu menjadi hamba yang taat kepada Allah, dan berbuat baik kepada sesama. Nabi sendiri, yang dijamin kebenarannya, tidak pernah merasa benar. Beliau bahkan bertaubat seratus kali sehari, seperti sabdanya:<\/span><\/p>\n

“Wahai manusia, bertaubatlah kalian kepada Allah. Sesungguhnya aku sendiri bertaubat kepada-Nya seratus kali dalam sehari.\u201d (HR. Muslim)<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Jika Nabi saja selalu merasa perlu bertaubat, bagaimana mungkin kita \u2014 yang penuh dosa dan kebodohan \u2014 merasa sudah benar sendiri, bahkan menghakimi orang lain?<\/span><\/p>\n

Mari kita kembalikan fikih pada tempatnya: sebagai panduan yang bisa berubah, bukan dogma yang membutakan. Mari kita hargai perbedaan, gunakan akal sehat, dan jalani agama dengan rendah hati. Sebab kebenaran sejati hanyalah milik Allah, bukan milik kelompok atau mazhab manapun.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sebagaimana pesan Al-Qur\u2019an:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0631\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0651\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652\u06d7 \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0627\u06e4\u0621\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0627\u06e4\u0621\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0631\u0652\u06da \u2026<\/span>\u06dd\u0662\u0669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u201cKatakanlah: Kebenaran itu datangnya dari Tuhanmu. Barangsiapa yang ingin, hendaklah ia beriman; dan barangsiapa yang ingin, hendaklah ia kafir\u2026\u201d (QS. Al-Kahfi: 29)<\/span><\/p>\n

Jangan sampai perbedaan yang seharusnya menjadi rahmat, justru kita ubah menjadi laknat.(emha)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ppmindonesia.com.Jakarta – Beragama, bagi banyak orang, sering dipersempit…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13479,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"kia_subtitle":"Penulis: emha | Editor: asyary","footnotes":""},"categories":[208,1],"tags":[596,610,1705],"newstopic":[],"class_list":["post-13478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-berita","category-hikmah","tag-al-quran","tag-budaya","tag-fikih"],"yoast_head":"\nFiqih, Budaya, dan Akal Sehat: Mengapa Kita Tak Perlu Fanatik - ppmindonesia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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