{"id":14194,"date":"2025-08-30T13:50:01","date_gmt":"2025-08-30T13:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/?p=14194"},"modified":"2025-08-30T13:51:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-30T13:51:05","slug":"ma-malakat-aymanukum-membongkar-miskonsepsi-budak-seks-dalam-tafsir-tradisional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/30\/ma-malakat-aymanukum-membongkar-miskonsepsi-budak-seks-dalam-tafsir-tradisional\/","title":{"rendered":"Ma Malakat Aymanukum: Membongkar Miskonsepsi Budak Seks dalam Tafsir Tradisional"},"content":{"rendered":"

ppmindonesia.com<\/strong><\/span>. Jakarta<\/strong> \u2014 Salah satu istilah yang kerap menimbulkan perdebatan dalam studi Al-Qur\u2019an adalah \u201cm\u0101 malakat aym\u0101nukum\u201d. Dalam banyak literatur tafsir klasik, frasa ini sering dipahami sebagai legitimasi adanya budak seks dalam Islam. <\/span><\/p>\n

Namun, kajian Qur\u2019an bil Qur\u2019an yang dipaparkan Husni Nasution melalui kanal Syahida menghadirkan perspektif kritis yang berbeda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Menurutnya, jika kita menelusuri ayat-ayat Al-Qur\u2019an secara utuh, akan tampak jelas bahwa istilah m\u0101 malakat aym\u0101nukum tidak pernah dimaksudkan untuk melegitimasi praktik perbudakan<\/a> seksual. <\/span><\/p>\n

Justru Al-Qur\u2019an konsisten menyerukan pembebasan dan penghormatan terhadap martabat manusia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Akar Miskonsepsi<\/b><\/p>\n

Miskonsepsi muncul karena tradisi tafsir lama sering menghubungkan m\u0101 malakat aym\u0101nukum dengan praktik perbudakan yang lazim pada masa awal Islam. Namun, Nasution menegaskan bahwa Al-Qur\u2019an tidak pernah menjadikan perbudakan sebagai bagian dari sistem permanen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Qur\u2019an justru memberi arahan jelas untuk menghapus praktik tersebut secara bertahap. Dalam QS an-Nur [24]:33, Allah berfirman:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u0648\u064e\u0644\u06e1\u064a\u064e\u0633\u06e1\u062a\u064e\u0639\u06e1\u0641\u0650\u0641\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0657\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u06e1\u0646\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0641\u064e\u0636\u06e1\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650\u06e6\u06d7 \u0648\u064e\u0671\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0628\u06e1\u062a\u064e\u063a\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0671\u0644\u06e1\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0670\u0628\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062a\u06e1 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u06e1\u0645\u064e\u0670\u0646\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u0641\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u06e1 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u06e1\u062a\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0645\u06e1 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u06e1\u0631\u0657\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0621\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0653 \u0621\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0649\u0670\u0643\u064f\u0645\u06e1\u2026<\/span>\u06dd\u0663\u0663<\/span><\/p>\n

Artinya: \u201cDan orang-orang yang tidak mampu menikah hendaklah menjaga kesucian dirinya hingga Allah memberi kemampuan. Dan budak-budak yang kamu miliki yang menginginkan perjanjian (mukatabah), hendaklah kamu buat perjanjian dengan mereka jika kamu mengetahui ada kebaikan pada mereka, dan berikanlah kepada mereka sebagian harta Allah yang Dia berikan kepadamu…\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ayat ini jelas mengarahkan agar budak diberi jalan menuju kebebasan, bukan sebaliknya dipertahankan dalam belenggu eksploitasi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Makna Sejati M\u0101 Malakat Aym\u0101nukum<\/b><\/p>\n

Menurut kajian Qur\u2019an bil Qur\u2019an, istilah ini lebih tepat dipahami sebagai \u201cmereka yang berada dalam lindungan tanggung jawabmu\u201d. Artinya, setiap orang yang berada di bawah kekuasaan sosial-ekonomi seorang Muslim \u2014 baik pekerja, anggota rumah tangga, maupun pihak yang lemah \u2014 harus diperlakukan dengan adil dan bermartabat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hal ini selaras dengan QS an-Nisa [4]:36:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0648\u064e\u0671\u0639\u06e1\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u06e1\u0631\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u06e6 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u06e1\u0640\u0654\u0657\u0627\u06d6 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0671\u0644\u06e1\u0648\u064e\u0670\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u064a\u06e1\u0646\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u062d\u06e1\u0633\u064e\u0670\u0646\u0657\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0671\u0644\u06e1\u0642\u064f\u0631\u06e1\u0628\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0648\u064e\u0671\u0644\u06e1\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0670\u0645\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0648\u064e\u0671\u0644\u06e1\u0645\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0670\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0671\u0644\u06e1\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0630\u0650\u064a \u0671\u0644\u06e1\u0642\u064f\u0631\u06e1\u0628\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0648\u064e\u0671\u0644\u06e1\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u06e1\u062c\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0671\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0671\u0644\u06e1\u062c\u064e\u0646\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0671\u0628\u06e1\u0646\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650\u06d6 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062a\u06e1 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u06e1\u0645\u064e\u0670\u0646\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u06e1\u06d7 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064f\u062e\u06e1\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0657\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u062e\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0657\u0627<\/span> \u06dd\u0663\u0666<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Artinya: \u201cSembahlah Allah dan janganlah kamu mempersekutukan-Nya dengan sesuatu pun. Dan berbuat baiklah kepada kedua orang tua, kerabat, anak yatim, orang miskin, tetangga dekat, tetangga jauh, teman sejawat, ibnu sabil, dan hamba sahaya yang kamu miliki. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang yang sombong lagi membanggakan diri.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayat ini menegaskan bahwa m\u0101 malakat aym\u0101nukum ditempatkan dalam konteks akhlak sosial, bukan relasi seksual.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kritik terhadap Tafsir Tradisional<\/b><\/p>\n

Mengaitkan frasa ini dengan legitimasi \u201cbudak seks\u201d jelas bertentangan dengan semangat Al-Qur\u2019an. Menurut Husni Nasution, pemahaman tersebut lebih merupakan cerminan kondisi sosial-historis umat pada masa lalu yang kemudian dilembagakan dalam tafsir, bukan pesan esensial wahyu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAl-Qur\u2019an justru hadir untuk mengangkat derajat manusia, bukan menurunkan martabatnya. Karena itu, pemaknaan m\u0101 malakat aym\u0101nukum sebagai legalisasi eksploitasi seksual adalah penyimpangan tafsir,\u201d tegasnya.<\/span><\/p>\n

Menuju Pemahaman Baru<\/b><\/p>\n

Al-Qur\u2019an secara konsisten mengarahkan umat Islam menuju sistem yang adil, bebas dari penindasan, dan menjunjung tinggi martabat manusia. Tafsir ulang terhadap istilah m\u0101 malakat aym\u0101nukum bukan hanya penting secara akademis, tetapi juga relevan untuk menjawab tuduhan-tuduhan negatif terhadap Islam di era modern.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dengan demikian, saatnya umat Islam melepaskan warisan tafsir yang mengekalkan praktik perbudakan, dan kembali pada pesan universal Al-Qur\u2019an: kemerdekaan, kesetaraan, dan penghormatan pada nilai kemanusiaan.(syahida)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
*Husni Nasution, alumnus IAIN Sumatera Utara dari Bogor, dikenal sebagai pemikir kebangsaan dan pengkaji Al-Qur'an. Ia dikenal dengan konsep 'Nasionalisme Religius' yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai keislaman dan keindonesiaan, serta perhatian besar terhadap solidaritas sosial.\u00a0<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n
—<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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