{"id":15292,"date":"2025-10-31T07:19:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T07:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/?p=15292"},"modified":"2025-10-31T07:20:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T07:20:09","slug":"sajjarah-dan-pohon-pengetahuan-antara-mitos-eden-dan-struktur-ilmu-dalam-al-quran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/31\/sajjarah-dan-pohon-pengetahuan-antara-mitos-eden-dan-struktur-ilmu-dalam-al-quran\/","title":{"rendered":"Sajjarah dan Pohon Pengetahuan: Antara Mitos Eden dan Struktur Ilmu dalam Al-Qur\u2019an"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

ppmindonesia.com.Jakarta<\/strong> – Dalam tradisi Bibel, kisah Adam dan Hawa<\/a> sering dihubungkan dengan \u201cTree of Knowledge of Good and Evil<\/em>\u201d \u2014 pohon pengetahuan yang menjadi awal jatuhnya manusia dari surga. Namun dalam Al-Qur\u2019an, kisah ini mengambil bentuk yang berbeda: tidak ada istilah \u201cpengetahuan baik dan jahat\u201d, melainkan disebut dengan kata \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629 (as-syajarah) \u2014 pohon.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u063a\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062b\u064f \u0634\u0650\u0626\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0647\u064e\u0670\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e<\/strong>
\n\u201cDan Kami berfirman, \u2018Wahai Adam, tinggallah engkau dan istrimu di surga, dan makanlah dengan nikmat apa saja yang kamu berdua sukai. Tetapi janganlah kamu berdua mendekati pohon ini, karena akan termasuk orang-orang yang zalim.\u2019\u201d <\/em>(QS Al-Baqarah [2]: 35)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ayat ini tidak menjelaskan jenis pohon tersebut, tidak pula menyebutnya sebagai sumber pengetahuan. Karena itu, kajian Qur\u2019an bil Qur\u2019an oleh Syahida mencoba menelusuri akar makna as-syajarah<\/em> secara tematik \u2014 apakah ia sekadar pohon biologis, ataukah simbol bagi struktur sosial dan epistemologis dalam narasi Qur\u2019ani?<\/p>\n

Makna Leksikal \u201cSyajarah\u201d: Dari Batang ke Struktur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kata \u0634\u062c\u0631 (syajar)<\/strong> dalam bahasa Arab berarti tumbuh saling bertaut, bercabang, dan berjalin<\/em>, sebagaimana pohon yang memiliki cabang dan ranting.
\nNamun, akar katanya juga bermakna perselisihan atau pertentangan \u2014 karena dua hal yang tasy\u0101jara<\/em> berarti saling berselisih atau bertentangan<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Contohnya dalam ayat berikut:<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0632\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0649\u0670<\/strong>
\n(\u201cMereka saling berselisih di antara mereka.\u201d) <\/em>(QS \u1e6c\u0101h\u0101 [20]: 62)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Makna semantik ini mengandung dimensi simbolik yang kuat: syajarah<\/strong> bukan hanya objek botanis, tetapi metafora bagi sistem yang berjalin \u2014 baik pengetahuan, kekuasaan, maupun konflik.<\/p>\n

Syajarah Terlarang: Bukan Soal Buah, Tapi Struktur Kekuasaan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jika dibandingkan dengan narasi Kitab Kejadian, \u201cpohon pengetahuan\u201d menggambarkan pembukaan kesadaran moral<\/em>. Namun dalam Al-Qur\u2019an, larangan terhadap \u201csyajarah\u201d tampak lebih terkait dengan batas kekuasaan dan amanah, bukan larangan pengetahuan.<\/p>\n

Dalam QS \u1e6c\u0101h\u0101 [20]: 120-121, Iblis menggoda Adam bukan dengan janji rasa ingin tahu, tetapi dengan kekuasaan dan keabadian:<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0643\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0634\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0644\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064d \u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0649\u0670<\/strong>
\n\u201cLalu setan membisikkan kepadanya: \u2018Wahai Adam, maukah aku tunjukkan kepadamu pohon keabadian dan kerajaan yang tidak akan binasa?\u2019\u201d <\/em>(QS \u1e6c\u0101h\u0101 [20]: 120)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ayat ini membuka tafsir baru: syajarah bukan sekadar pohon biologis, melainkan simbol dari sistem kekuasaan dan keabadian \u2014 struktur yang menggoda manusia untuk melampaui batas perintah Allah.
\nAdam tergoda bukan oleh \u201cpengetahuan\u201d, tetapi oleh ambisi dominasi.<\/p>\n

Pohon dalam Al-Qur\u2019an: Simbol Pengetahuan dan Sistem<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dalam Al-Qur\u2019an, syajarah<\/em> digunakan dalam banyak konteks yang menunjukkan struktur sosial dan kosmologis.<\/p>\n

Misalnya:<\/p>\n

\u0634\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0651\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0632\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0634\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u063a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d<\/strong>
\n\u201c(Cahaya itu) berasal dari pohon yang diberkahi, yaitu zaitun, yang tidak tumbuh di sebelah timur dan tidak pula di sebelah barat.\u201d <\/em>(QS An-N\u016br [24]: 35)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dalam ayat ini, syajarah<\/em> menjadi simbol sumber cahaya Ilahi \u2014 bukan objek duniawi.
\nSedangkan dalam QS Ibrahim [14]: 24, Allah menggambarkan kalimat thayyibah (ucapan yang baik) sebagai pohon yang baik:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0641\u064e \u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0637\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0643\u064e\u0634\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0637\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u062b\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u062a\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/strong>
\n\u201cTidakkah kamu perhatikan bagaimana Allah membuat perumpamaan tentang kalimat yang baik seperti pohon yang baik; akarnya kuat dan cabangnya menjulang ke langit.\u201d <\/em>(QS Ibrahim [14]: 24)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dari dua contoh ini, tampak bahwa syajarah<\/em> dalam Qur\u2019an tidak selalu berarti pohon fisik, melainkan struktur ilmu dan nilai, tempat tumbuhnya amal, iman, dan sistem kehidupan.<\/p>\n

Dari Mitos Eden ke Etika Qur\u2019ani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Al-Qur\u2019an tidak memposisikan \u201cpohon terlarang\u201d sebagai awal dosa asal.
\nIa justru menegaskan kemampuan manusia untuk belajar dari kesalahan dan bertobat, seperti dinyatakan dalam QS Al-Baqarah [2]: 37:<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0622\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0631\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0651\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u06da \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f<\/strong>
\n\u201cKemudian Adam menerima beberapa kalimat dari Tuhannya, maka Dia pun menerima taubatnya. Sungguh, Dia Maha Penerima taubat, Maha Penyayang.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Artinya, pengetahuan tidak dilarang, tetapi harus dibingkai dalam ketaatan dan kesadaran etis.
\nLarangan terhadap \u201csyajarah\u201d bukanlah penolakan terhadap ilmu, melainkan peringatan agar manusia tidak menjadikan ilmu sebagai alat kekuasaan tanpa bimbingan Ilahi.<\/p>\n

Pohon Ilmu dan Struktur Sosial: Tafsir Kontemporer<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dalam konteks sosial modern, syajarah<\/em> dapat dibaca sebagai metafora struktur pengetahuan dan sistem sosial.
\nKetika ilmu, kekuasaan, dan ekonomi saling bertaut tanpa nilai spiritual, sistem itu menjadi \u201cpohon terlarang\u201d yang menggoda manusia untuk merasa abadi dan tak tergantung pada Tuhan.<\/p>\n

Dengan demikian, kisah Adam dalam Qur\u2019an mengandung kritik terhadap kesombongan epistemologis manusia modern:
\nketika ilmu tidak lagi mengantarkan pada kebenaran, tetapi menjadi sarana dominasi dan eksploitasi.<\/p>\n

Kembali ke Akar Ilmu yang Thayyib<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kajian Qur\u2019an bil Qur\u2019an<\/em> oleh Syahida menegaskan bahwa istilah as-syajarah dalam Qur\u2019an mempunyai lapisan makna luas \u2014 dari pohon fisik, simbol cahaya, hingga struktur pengetahuan.
\nLarangan terhadap \u201csyajarah\u201d bukanlah larangan untuk berpikir, melainkan peringatan agar pengetahuan tidak digunakan tanpa kesadaran moral dan spiritual.<\/p>\n

Dengan demikian, syajarah terlarang<\/em> dapat dibaca sebagai sistem nilai yang terputus dari Allah, sedangkan syajarah thayyibah<\/em> adalah struktur ilmu yang berakar pada kebenaran dan tumbuh menuju cahaya.<\/p>\n

\u201cLarangan terhadap syajarah<\/em> bukan penolakan terhadap ilmu, tetapi peringatan agar pengetahuan tidak menjadi alat kekuasaan tanpa bimbingan Ilahi.\u201d<\/p>\n

*Syahida adalah kajian Qur\u2019an dengan menggunakan metode tafsirul Quran bil ayatil Quran artinya menguraikan al quran dengan merujuk ayat ayat al quran, dalam upaya sosialisasi dan implementasi kandungan al Quran<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
  ppmindonesia.com.Jakarta – Dalam tradisi Bibel, kisah Adam…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15293,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"kia_subtitle":"Penulis: syahida| Editor: asyary|","footnotes":""},"categories":[208,1],"tags":[2355,1516,2354,2353],"newstopic":[],"class_list":["post-15292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-berita","category-hikmah","tag-adam-dan-hawa","tag-pohon","tag-pohon-pengetahuan","tag-syajarah"],"yoast_head":"\nSajjarah dan Pohon Pengetahuan: Antara Mitos Eden dan Struktur Ilmu dalam Al-Qur\u2019an - ppmindonesia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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