{"id":15332,"date":"2025-11-03T09:31:37","date_gmt":"2025-11-03T09:31:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/?p=15332"},"modified":"2025-11-04T04:43:01","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T04:43:01","slug":"air-dikuasai-negara-dikelola-swasta-ironi-implementasi-amanat-konstitusi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/03\/air-dikuasai-negara-dikelola-swasta-ironi-implementasi-amanat-konstitusi\/","title":{"rendered":"Air Dikuasai Negara, Dikelola Swasta: Ironi Implementasi Amanat Konstitusi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>ppmindonesia,com.Jakarta \u2014<\/strong> Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dengan tegas menyatakan bahwa <em>\u201cbumi dan air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat.\u201d<\/em> Namun, di tengah derasnya privatisasi dan liberalisasi sumber daya air, amanat konstitusi itu seolah kehilangan maknanya. Air yang semestinya menjadi hak dasar warga negara, kini berubah menjadi komoditas ekonomi yang dikendalikan korporasi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dari Hak Publik Menjadi Komoditas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kebijakan pengelolaan air di Indonesia mengalami pergeseran drastis sejak era reformasi. Banyak daerah menyerahkan pengelolaan air bersih kepada pihak swasta dengan dalih peningkatan efisiensi dan pelayanan. Namun kenyataannya, privatisasi ini kerap menimbulkan kesenjangan antara tujuan sosial dan kepentingan ekonomi.<\/p>\n<p>Di DKI Jakarta, misalnya, kerja sama pemerintah dengan perusahaan swasta dalam penyediaan <a href=\"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/03\/air-dikuasai-negara-dikelola-swasta-ironi-implementasi-amanat-konstitusi\/\">air minum<\/a> sejak dekade 1990-an menyisakan persoalan mendasar. Warga di pinggiran ibu kota masih harus membeli air dengan harga mahal, sementara keuntungan perusahaan meningkat setiap tahun. Ironinya, warga tetap membayar tagihan tinggi meski kualitas layanan belum membaik secara signifikan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Amanat Konstitusi yang Ditinggalkan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alif Purnomo Wakil Sekretaris Jenderal PPM Nasional\u00a0 menilai bahwa praktik pengelolaan air oleh swasta telah menyalahi semangat konstitusi.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cNegara seharusnya menjadi pengendali utama. Namun dalam praktiknya, negara justru menjadi regulator yang lemah terhadap kepentingan korporasi. Ini bentuk pelepasan tanggung jawab terhadap hak dasar rakyat,\u201d ujarnya kepada ppmindonesia.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Mahkamah Konstitusi sebenarnya telah menegaskan kembali prinsip penguasaan negara atas air melalui putusan Nomor 85\/PUU-XI\/2013, yang membatalkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air. Putusan tersebut menekankan bahwa pengelolaan air harus berpihak pada kepentingan rakyat dan tidak boleh diserahkan sepenuhnya kepada mekanisme pasar. Namun, kebijakan turunan pasca putusan itu belum sepenuhnya merefleksikan perubahan yang diharapkan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Krisis Akses dan Keadilan Sosial<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Data Kementerian PUPR menunjukkan, hingga 2024, akses terhadap air bersih layak baru mencapai sekitar 88 persen penduduk Indonesia. Di banyak wilayah pedesaan, masyarakat masih mengandalkan sumur atau air permukaan yang kualitasnya kian menurun akibat pencemaran industri dan pertambangan.<\/p>\n<p>Dalam situasi seperti ini, air menjadi simbol ketimpangan sosial. Di satu sisi, hotel dan industri besar mendapatkan pasokan air stabil dari jaringan PDAM atau operator swasta. Di sisi lain, masyarakat miskin perkotaan harus mengeluarkan biaya hingga sepuluh kali lipat untuk membeli air dari penjual eceran.<\/p>\n<p>Aktivis lingkungan dari PPM Nasional, Muhammad Reza, menegaskan bahwa persoalan ini bukan semata soal manajemen, tetapi soal keadilan.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cPrivatisasi air adalah bentuk pengabaian terhadap hak hidup. Air tidak bisa dikalkulasi dengan logika untung-rugi,\u201d katanya.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Jalan Tengah: Kedaulatan Air Berbasis Komunitas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Beberapa daerah mulai mencari alternatif dengan mengembalikan pengelolaan air ke tangan publik melalui model <em>community-based water management<\/em>. Di Kulon Progo dan Banyumas, misalnya, kelompok masyarakat bekerja sama dengan pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola sumber air secara partisipatif dan transparan.<\/p>\n<p>Model ini terbukti mampu menekan biaya, memperluas jangkauan layanan, dan menumbuhkan rasa tanggung jawab kolektif terhadap sumber daya air. Pendekatan ini menunjukkan bahwa kedaulatan air bukan utopia, melainkan jalan menuju pemulihan makna konstitusi dalam kehidupan nyata.<\/p>\n<p>Air bukan sekadar kebutuhan fisik, tetapi juga hak konstitusional yang dijamin negara. Ketika air berubah menjadi komoditas dan rakyat menjadi konsumen, maka hilanglah makna \u201cdikuasai negara\u201d yang sejatinya bermakna \u201cdikuasai oleh rakyat\u201d. Kini, tantangan besar bagi pemerintah adalah mengembalikan kedaulatan air ke pangkuan publik\u2014agar amanat konstitusi tidak berhenti sebagai teks, tetapi hidup dalam praktik keadilan sosial yang nyata.(emha)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ppmindonesia,com.Jakarta \u2014 Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15323,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"kia_subtitle":"Penulis; emha | Editor: asyary","footnotes":""},"categories":[208,36],"tags":[2372,2374,328,2371],"newstopic":[],"class_list":["post-15332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-berita","category-nasional","tag-air-mineral","tag-air-minum-dalam-kemasan","tag-kontitusi","tag-uud-45-pasal-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Air Dikuasai Negara, Dikelola Swasta: Ironi Implementasi Amanat Konstitusi - ppmindonesia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ppmindonesia.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/03\/air-dikuasai-negara-dikelola-swasta-ironi-implementasi-amanat-konstitusi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Air 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